Its name is derived from the Greek words anti and monos, meaning a metal not found by itself. It also increases the hardness and strength of lead when combined in an alloy and is frequently employed as a dopant in semiconductor materials. Antimony has numerous applications, most commonly in flame-retardant materials. The most common source of antimony is the sulfide mineral known as stibnite (Sb 2S 3), although it sometimes occurs natively as well. In its elemental form, antimony has a silvery lustrous gray appearance. Antimony was discovered around 3000 BC and first isolated by Vannoccio Biringuccio in 1540 AD. The antimony atom has a radius of 140 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 206 pm. The number of electrons in each of antimony's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 and its electron configuration is 4d 10 5s 2 5p 3. Antimony (atomic symbol: Sb, atomic number: 51) is a Block P, Group 15, Period 5 element with an atomic radius of 121.760.
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